Post by Admin on May 23, 2020 11:17:41 GMT -7
www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/vikings/overview_vikings_01.shtml
Surnames were invented in Normandy France around 912 when Rollo and his followers accepted Christianity.
One of those followers chose the Surname Crosby - "Follower of the Cross," along with a red shield bearing a gold cross so he and his family could be identified in battle.
At that time and place, their name was spelled "Crosbj" as I’s were then interchangeable with J.
Somewhere between 912 and 1086 "Sir" Crosby (as I shall call him until more information is found) moved his family from Normandy and settled in North Lincolnshire south of the Humber and east of the Trent River.
There, on five carucates of land (somewhere between 400 and 800 acres) he built his manor and soke, the first home of a Crosby in England!
The First Crosby Lands in England.
The 1086 Domesday Book mentions Crosbis in Lincolnshire and Mersey.
Apparently the family didn't stay there long because there were no significant structures built and no Crosby land holders were in the area at the time (1086)of the the taxing of the Domesday Book.
At that time the lands had been in the hands of the king, then taken away by William the Conqueror and given to Ivo Tallbois.
More is found about the area and Ivo Tallibois in the translation of the Domesday Book by Smith found below.
books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5Qaect59mqAkm19HKxxKWgcwNdslSnFM_CCgZ_C819k9_pya3FtRg0XHx7NcYCiN-RZSxseLm9JYDy8sJ2RUBFoNuwNtLgJuOHbnwsLZgBJBJk8rEhpZOgaT4rpGno3l4i8P8_1F6QqpBPsOng9vLD4FV2Qgt41cssTC2FpDWaTM_bSkaWxc1XTz4EkPQRBYbu9Po-bXlwDD9LyHNE4zoUlG-Ekyy55_kZZZjslNuj5JAnkpXAvclJ3_BCb-cIpNsIrdU13_fvoJ6gzFljdW80Rmj5zi0b6ZwdJup6avP6b7yzU7bntM
Later the area was nearly forgotten.
Crosby Road became Old Crosby Road, then Ferry Road.
Raids by seaborne Scandinavian pirates on sites in Britain, especially largely undefended monastic sites, began at the end of the eighth century AD.
By the end of the ninth century there were large-scale settlements of Scandinavians in various parts of Britain, and they had achieved political domination over a significant territory.
Early in the 11th century the king of Denmark became king of England as well. And in 1066 there were separate invasions by the king of Norway, Harald Hardrada, and duke of Normandy, William, the latter the descendant of Scandinavian settlers in northern France.
By the end of the ninth century there were large-scale settlements of Scandinavians in various parts of Britain, and they had achieved political domination over a significant territory.
Early in the 11th century the king of Denmark became king of England as well. And in 1066 there were separate invasions by the king of Norway, Harald Hardrada, and duke of Normandy, William, the latter the descendant of Scandinavian settlers in northern France.
Surnames were invented in Normandy France around 912 when Rollo and his followers accepted Christianity.
One of those followers chose the Surname Crosby - "Follower of the Cross," along with a red shield bearing a gold cross so he and his family could be identified in battle.
At that time and place, their name was spelled "Crosbj" as I’s were then interchangeable with J.
DanegeldAfter 955 AD there was a generation of peace on the island of Britain. As the 'Anglo-Saxon Chronicle' says of Edgar, King of England (959 - 975 AD) 'without battle he brought under his sway all that he wished'.
He issued laws for 'all the nations, whether Englishmen, Danes, or Britons', an interesting recognition of the multi-ethnic character of England at the time.
He issued laws for 'all the nations, whether Englishmen, Danes, or Britons', an interesting recognition of the multi-ethnic character of England at the time.
Somewhere between 912 and 1086 "Sir" Crosby (as I shall call him until more information is found) moved his family from Normandy and settled in North Lincolnshire south of the Humber and east of the Trent River.
The Humber /ˈhʌmbər/ is a large tidal estuary on the east coast of Northern England. It is formed at Trent Falls, Faxfleet, by the confluence of the tidal rivers Ouse and Trent. From there to the North Sea, it forms part of the boundary between the East Riding of Yorkshire on the north bank and North Lincolnshire on the south bank. Although the Humber is an estuary from the point at which it is formed, many maps show it as the River Humber
There, on five carucates of land (somewhere between 400 and 800 acres) he built his manor and soke, the first home of a Crosby in England!
The First Crosby Lands in England.
The 1086 Domesday Book mentions Crosbis in Lincolnshire and Mersey.
manor [ man-er ] noun
1. (in England) a landed estate or territorial unit, originally of the nature of a feudal lordship, consisting of a lord's demesne and of lands within which he has the right to exercise certain privileges, exact certain fees, etc.
2. any similar territorial unit in medieval Europe, as a feudal estate.
3. the mansion of a lord with the land belonging to it.
4. the main house or mansion on an estate, plantation, etc.
soke [ sohk ] noun Early English Law.
the privilege of holding court, usually connected with the feudal rights of lordship.
a district over which local jurisdiction was exercised.
sokeman [ sohk-muh n ] noun, plural soke·men.
a tenant holding land in socage.
socageor soc·cage [ sok-ij ] noun Medieval English Law.
a tenure of land held by the tenant in performance of specified services or by payment of rent, and not requiring military service.
A carucate of land = one hundred and twenty acres.
A bovate [ boh-veyt ] noun
an old English unit of land area measurement equivalent to one-eighth of a carucate.
a hide: from the Anglo-Saxon word meaning "family", was, in the early medieval period, a land-holding that was considered sufficient to support a family. This was equivalent to 60 to 120 old acres (approximately 30 modern acres (120,000 m2)) depending on the quality of the land.
villein [ vil-uh n, -eyn, vi-leyn ] noun
a member of a class of partially free persons under the feudal system, who were serfs with respect to their lord but had the rights and privileges of freemen with respect to others.
1. (in England) a landed estate or territorial unit, originally of the nature of a feudal lordship, consisting of a lord's demesne and of lands within which he has the right to exercise certain privileges, exact certain fees, etc.
2. any similar territorial unit in medieval Europe, as a feudal estate.
3. the mansion of a lord with the land belonging to it.
4. the main house or mansion on an estate, plantation, etc.
soke [ sohk ] noun Early English Law.
the privilege of holding court, usually connected with the feudal rights of lordship.
a district over which local jurisdiction was exercised.
sokeman [ sohk-muh n ] noun, plural soke·men.
a tenant holding land in socage.
socageor soc·cage [ sok-ij ] noun Medieval English Law.
a tenure of land held by the tenant in performance of specified services or by payment of rent, and not requiring military service.
CARUCATA. A plough-land, or as much arable ground as in one year could be tilled with one plough: which in the reign of Rich. I. was computed at sixty acres, Mon. Ang. tom. ii. p. 107.
Yet another charter 9 Rich. I. allots one hundred acres to a carucate.
And Fleta, temp. Edw. l. says, if land lay in three common fields, then ninescore acres to a carucate, sixty for winter tillage, sixty for spring tillage, and sixty for fallows.
But if the land lay in two fields, then eightscore acres to a carucate; one half for tillage, and the other for fallow, lib. ii. cap. 72. §. 4.
The measure of a carucate was different, according to time and place. In 23 Ed. III. one carucate of land in Burcester contained one hundred and twelve acres; and two carucates in Middleton were three hundred acres, ii. 103.
Caruca was sometimes used for carucata; Robert de Ver confirmed to the monks of Thorney, Decimas de quinque carucis quas pater concessit in Islep Draitune et Edinton, i. iii.
In Doomsday inquisition, the arable land was measured by carucates, the common pasture by hides, and the meadow by acres. In some countries the word is still preserved a carve of land, and the imposition on land carrucagium et carcagium is called carvage.
Yet another charter 9 Rich. I. allots one hundred acres to a carucate.
And Fleta, temp. Edw. l. says, if land lay in three common fields, then ninescore acres to a carucate, sixty for winter tillage, sixty for spring tillage, and sixty for fallows.
But if the land lay in two fields, then eightscore acres to a carucate; one half for tillage, and the other for fallow, lib. ii. cap. 72. §. 4.
The measure of a carucate was different, according to time and place. In 23 Ed. III. one carucate of land in Burcester contained one hundred and twelve acres; and two carucates in Middleton were three hundred acres, ii. 103.
Caruca was sometimes used for carucata; Robert de Ver confirmed to the monks of Thorney, Decimas de quinque carucis quas pater concessit in Islep Draitune et Edinton, i. iii.
In Doomsday inquisition, the arable land was measured by carucates, the common pasture by hides, and the meadow by acres. In some countries the word is still preserved a carve of land, and the imposition on land carrucagium et carcagium is called carvage.
A carucate of land = one hundred and twenty acres.
A bovate [ boh-veyt ] noun
an old English unit of land area measurement equivalent to one-eighth of a carucate.
a hide: from the Anglo-Saxon word meaning "family", was, in the early medieval period, a land-holding that was considered sufficient to support a family. This was equivalent to 60 to 120 old acres (approximately 30 modern acres (120,000 m2)) depending on the quality of the land.
villein [ vil-uh n, -eyn, vi-leyn ] noun
a member of a class of partially free persons under the feudal system, who were serfs with respect to their lord but had the rights and privileges of freemen with respect to others.
Apparently the family didn't stay there long because there were no significant structures built and no Crosby land holders were in the area at the time (1086)of the the taxing of the Domesday Book.
At that time the lands had been in the hands of the king, then taken away by William the Conqueror and given to Ivo Tallbois.
More is found about the area and Ivo Tallibois in the translation of the Domesday Book by Smith found below.
books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5Qaect59mqAkm19HKxxKWgcwNdslSnFM_CCgZ_C819k9_pya3FtRg0XHx7NcYCiN-RZSxseLm9JYDy8sJ2RUBFoNuwNtLgJuOHbnwsLZgBJBJk8rEhpZOgaT4rpGno3l4i8P8_1F6QqpBPsOng9vLD4FV2Qgt41cssTC2FpDWaTM_bSkaWxc1XTz4EkPQRBYbu9Po-bXlwDD9LyHNE4zoUlG-Ekyy55_kZZZjslNuj5JAnkpXAvclJ3_BCb-cIpNsIrdU13_fvoJ6gzFljdW80Rmj5zi0b6ZwdJup6avP6b7yzU7bntM
Later the area was nearly forgotten.
Crosby Road became Old Crosby Road, then Ferry Road.